Chad’s Transition Period: A Far Cry from Democratic Reform

Introduction

In the aftermath of Idriss Déby’s death and the beginning of the transition period, hopes for democratic reforms in Chad were high. However, a closer examination of the situation reveals a stark contrast between rhetoric and reality.

The Illusion of Separation of Powers

The transitional constitution, adopted in October 2022, enshrines the principle of separation of powers, with the judiciary supposedly independent from the executive branch. In practice, however, the judiciary remains subservient to the government, with judges often intimidated or dismissed for acting independently.

• The power elite manipulates the judicial system to maintain control.
• Judges are forced to conform to the government’s agenda.

Corruption and Lack of Accountability

Corruption is rampant throughout Chad’s society, with citizens frequently forced to pay bribes to access basic services. Even at the political level, corruption goes unchecked, with high-ranking officials accused of embezzlement and other abuses of power.

• Citizens are often exploited by corrupt government officials.
• High-ranking officials use their positions for personal gain.

Unfulfilled Promises of Civil Rights

The interim constitution also guarantees civil rights, including freedom of expression, equality for women, and protection against discrimination. In reality, however, these rights are largely theoretical, with women’s rights frequently violated and homosexuality viewed as incompatible with traditional and religious values.

• Women’s rights are often ignored or denied.
• Homosexuality is stigmatized and persecuted.

Flawed Democratic Institutions

Despite the adoption of democratic institutions, such as a national government and parliament, their performance is lacking. The power elite has sought to create a democratic façade, but the process is often undermined by manipulation and coercion.

• The National Dialogue was used to consolidate Mahamat Déby’s power.
• Opposition figures are frequently threatened or forced into exile.

Lack of Transparency and Accountability

Political and social integration is hampered by a lack of transparency and accountability. The registration of political parties depends on the goodwill of the power elite, creating a blurred distinction between parties and their agendas.

• Political parties are often created to serve the interests of the power elite.
• Transparency is lacking in all aspects of the transition process.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Chad’s transition period is marked by a stark disconnect between rhetoric and reality. While democratic institutions exist on paper, they are often subverted or co-opted by the power elite. To truly achieve democratic reform, Chad must address these issues head-on and create a more inclusive, transparent, and accountable political process.

• True democratic reforms require a fundamental change in the way the country is governed.
• The power elite must be held accountable for their actions.
• Transparency and accountability are essential components of any democratic system.