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Financial Crime and its Impact on Society in Western Sahara

The Western Sahara conflict has been ongoing for over three decades, with devastating consequences for all parties involved. The stalemate has allowed the conflict to remain “frozen” in a state of limbo, with little attention or engagement from the international community.

Consequences for Morocco and the Polisario Front

For Morocco, the status quo provides a powerful means to maintain national unity and control over potential threats from political parties and the army. Meanwhile, the Polisario Front, which has been fighting for Sahrawi independence, faces a threat to its very existence if an unfavorable settlement is reached.

Humanitarian Crisis on the Ground

The situation on the ground is dire:

• Those living under Polisario control struggle with poverty and isolation
• Those living in Moroccan-controlled areas face censorship and repression of any pro-independence views
• Human rights activists are frequently arrested and tortured, and foreign journalists are expelled from the region

Economic Consequences

Morocco’s military budget and investments in the “Southern provinces” have taken a heavy toll on national development, exacerbating poverty and fueling a Salafi Islamist movement.

• Algeria has paid a significant financial and diplomatic price for its support of the Polisario, including aid to refugees and donations of military equipment

Regional Consequences

The conflict has also hindered regional economic integration, slowed foreign investment, and created a zone of trafficking and insecurity covering Western Sahara, Northern Mauritania, and South West Algeria.

• The UN’s inaction has discredited the organization
• The international community must foot the bill for an observation force and economic aid

Path Forward

A new dynamic is needed to break the impasse and bring peace to Western Sahara. A companion report by the Crisis Group outlines a potential path forward, but it will require all parties to acknowledge the devastating human, social, economic, political, and security costs of this conflict.

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