Burundi’s Corruption Epidemic: A Threat to Stability and Development

Despite significant progress in rebuilding after a decade-long civil war, Burundi continues to struggle with widespread corruption that threatens the country’s stability and development. This article examines the scope of the problem, its impact on daily life, and the need for effective action from government and international organizations.

The Scale of Corruption

According to Transparency International’s corruption perceptions index for 2005, Burundi scored a low 2.3 out of 10, ranking it among the most corrupt countries in the world. The situation has only deteriorated since then, with corruption now permeating every aspect of public and private life.

Informal Commissions

Businessmen in Bujumbura estimate that “informal commissions” now range from 25% to 60% of contract prices or values, a significant increase from the 3% to 5% levels seen in the early 1990s. This means that a large portion of business transactions involve bribes and kickbacks.

Petty Corruption

Corruption has become so pervasive that it is rare for citizens to obtain government services without paying bribes. As a result, corruption has lost its stigma and impunity has taken hold. Petty corruption is also rampant, making it difficult for ordinary people to access basic services like healthcare and education.

Vulnerable Systems

The country’s procurement system is particularly vulnerable to corruption, with four out of five contracts awarded on a sole-source basis in 2004. Delays in the procurement process are often cited as a pretext for this practice, but experts argue that normal competitive procedures could be used instead.

Customs and Direct Taxation

Customs and direct taxation are also areas where corruption is rampant. Complaints about corruption in customs are much more common in Burundi than in neighboring Rwanda, which scores higher on Transparency International’s index.

Government Response

The government has failed to address these issues effectively, with a recent case of missing funds from the state treasury during a transition period highlighting the lack of accountability and resolve in fighting corruption. Despite some progress in other areas, such as peace and reconciliation, addressing corruption is crucial for Burundi’s development and stability.

International Support

The international community must continue to support efforts to strengthen governance and institutions, and citizens must demand greater transparency and accountability from their leaders. By working together, we can help Burundi overcome its corruption epidemic and build a more stable and prosperous future.