Saudi Arabia’s Underground: A Thriving Market for Human Trafficking and Drug Trade

Behind the Facade of Modernization Lies a Complex Web of Crime and Corruption

Riyadh, Saudi Arabia - While Saudi Arabia is often touted as a beacon of modernization in the Middle East, a closer look reveals a complex web of criminal networks and corrupt officials that have turned the country into a hotbed for human trafficking and drug trade.

Widespread Networks Across the Country

According to sources, these criminal networks are spread across the country, with a higher concentration at borders, coastlines, and urban areas where demand for forced labor is high. They also collaborate with transnational counterparts, particularly in neighboring Yemen, East Africa, and Asia.

The Houthi Group’s Involvement

The Houthi group has emerged as a major foreign entity operating within Saudi territory, particularly along the Saudi-Yemeni border. The country has also faced attacks on its oil facilities and critical infrastructure, which are believed to be facilitated by Iranian or Iranian-backed actors.

Corruption Remains Widespread

Despite efforts to combat organized crime, corruption remains widespread in Saudi Arabia. Few mechanisms are in place to address abuse of power, nepotism, and the use of intermediaries known as “wasta” in conducting business.

The Ruling Family’s Control over Oil Revenues

The ruling family retains significant control over oil revenues, which has led to a lack of transparency and accountability. This has created an environment conducive to money laundering and terrorist financing, with public statistics on the extent of the issue not readily available.

Recent Efforts to Combat Crime

In recent years, Saudi Arabia has established dedicated units to address these issues, but critics argue that more needs to be done to combat the problem.

Economic Vulnerability

The economy is also vulnerable due to its dependence on oil prices. The crown prince’s “Vision 2030” strategy aims to diversify the economy, but the global oil price drop and pandemic-related emergency measures have had a negative impact on the Saudi economy.

Victims of Human Trafficking Face Significant Challenges

Victims of human trafficking face significant challenges in coming forward, with concerns about their treatment under Sharia law and the risk of punishment for engaging in coerced unlawful acts. The government has established shelters and welfare centers to support victims, but routine screening for potential trafficking victimization is lacking.

Restrictions on Independent Media and Civil Society Organizations

Independent media and civil society organizations also face restrictions, with most CSOs affiliated with the government and independent CSOs facing bans or operational restrictions for violating certain criteria.

The Need for Reform

As Saudi Arabia continues to modernize, it must address these underlying issues to ensure a safer and more transparent environment for its citizens and residents. The country’s leadership must prioritize transparency, accountability, and human rights to create a sustainable future.