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Armenia’s Struggle Against Organized Crime: Progress Made, Challenges Remain
Yerevan, Armenia - Since the early 2000s, experts have reclassified Armenia’s criminal networks as “criminal organizations” rather than mafia-style groups. While these groups still maintain a presence in the country, their influence has been significantly reduced.
The Real Challenge Lies Outside of Armenia’s Borders
Russian organized crime groups are now more active internationally, with ties to Georgian and Turkish criminal networks. According to reports, some Armenian criminals have even formed connections with former members in Turkey and the United Arab Emirates.
Progress Made Since the 2018 Revolution
The new government has implemented ambitious reforms aimed at strengthening the rule of law and anti-corruption efforts. The Anti-Corruption Policy Council was established, and anti-drug trafficking initiatives have been stepped up.
Challenges Remain
Despite these advancements, state-embedded corruption and organized crime remain major issues. Armenia is also still grappling with the aftermath of its conflict with Azerbaijan over the Nagorno-Karabakh region.
Criminal Justice System Faces Challenges
Armenia’s criminal justice system has undergone significant reforms since the revolution, but it still faces challenges. Courts are reportedly lacking in independence, and institutions are weakened by corruption. To combat this, the government has announced plans to establish three anti-corruption investigative bodies by 2021.
- Prison conditions also remain a concern, with reports of prisoner abuse and poor living conditions.
- Criminal subcultures exert influence over prison populations.
Economic Environment Conducive to Business
Despite these challenges, Armenia’s economic environment is conducive to business. The country has improved its anti-money laundering framework, but it still does not meet international standards.
- Over half the workforce is employed in unofficial jobs that are at risk of abuse and exploitation.
- The government is working to improve transparency in business and increase investments.
Civil Society Plays Important Role
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have played an important role in Armenia since the revolution. They have been involved in discussions and decision-making processes, and some have even launched their own initiatives to combat organized crime and support victims of human trafficking.
- NGOs face funding challenges.
- Journalists often practice self-censorship due to concerns about harassment.
Conclusion
Armenia’s struggle against organized crime is ongoing. While progress has been made since the revolution, significant challenges remain. The country must continue to work on strengthening its criminal justice system, combating corruption, and supporting victims of human trafficking.
Funding Disclosure
This article was funded in part by a grant from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings, and conclusions stated herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State.