Costa Rica’s Struggle Against Organized Crime: A Threat to National Security

San José, Costa Rica - The country is facing a complex web of illegal activities that threaten its national security and stability.

Widespread Presence of Organized Crime Networks

A recent report reveals that organized crime networks are widespread across the country, with San José, Puntarenas, Liberia, and Limón being hotspots for contraband smuggling. These networks have links with foreign criminal actors from Colombia and Mexico, making it a significant concern for Costa Rica’s law enforcement agencies.

Complicity of the Private Sector

The private sector is also complicit in money laundering, with construction, real estate, and the hotel industry being the primary fronts for illegal activities. Despite efforts to combat corruption, cases of bribery and corruption have been reported within the public sector.

Government Response

Costa Rica’s leadership has made anti-organized crime a priority, with President Carlos Alvarado launching a new security policy aimed at improving police salaries and conditions. The country has also shown interest in combating cybercrimes and financial crimes, declaring a national emergency due to cyberattacks on public institutions.

Independent Judiciary System

However, the judiciary system has been praised for its independence and lack of corruption, with a strong legal framework against organized crime. The Public Prosecutor’s Office determines the scope of investigations, while the Judicial Investigation Agency (OIJ) is responsible for criminal probes.

Security Agencies and International Cooperation

The OIJ and national police are the main security agencies in Costa Rica, with INTERPOL’s National Central Bureau providing support for international cooperation. However, concerns have been raised about police involvement in drug trafficking and corruption within the force.

Vulnerable Borders

Costa Rica’s borders are also vulnerable to illegal activities, including drug, arms, and human trafficking, as well as illegal mining and human smuggling. The government has boosted air surveillance capacity and expanded the use of the Judicial Wire Intercept Programme to combat trafficking.

Economic Challenges

The country’s economic environment is favorable for legal businesses, with foreign direct investment being a significant contributor to Costa Rica’s growth. However, financial institutions remain vulnerable to money laundering, and there are concerns about the authorities’ capacity to halt drug trafficking syndicates from infiltrating the legal economy.

Civil Society Efforts

Civil society organizations have also been working to combat organized crime, with programs aimed at supporting victims and witnesses of crime. The Office for the Attention and Protection of the Victim provides free and confidential protection to crime victims, as well as individual and group psychological care.

Conclusion

As Costa Rica continues to grapple with the challenges of organized crime, it is clear that a concerted effort from government agencies, civil society organizations, and international partners will be necessary to combat this threat to national security.