Burundi’s Criminal Networks Entrenched Despite Government Promises
Despite hopes that the new administration would tackle Burundi’s entrenched criminal networks after the presidential election, evidence suggests that these networks remain powerful and entrenched, perpetuating human trafficking, arms smuggling, and other forms of organized crime.
The Imbonerakure: A militia group with ties to the ruling party
The Imbonerakure, a militia group linked to the ruling party, is allegedly involved in extortion, kidnapping, illegal taxation, and murder. Its influence extends to every district in the country, despite promises by the government to rein in its activities.
Foreign actors involved in criminal activity
Foreign actors from within the region are also believed to be involved in criminal activity, including:
- Congolese
- Rwandans
- Kenyans
- Tanzanians
Chinese nationals are suspected of being involved in ivory trafficking, while high-ranking government officials are accused of being involved in organized criminal activity and illicit business.
Limited law enforcement capacity
The country’s law enforcement capacity is severely limited due to the involvement of top officials in criminal networks. Border officials lack proper training, allowing cross-border smuggling and trafficking activities to continue unabated.
Economic challenges and the informal economy
Despite its economic challenges, Burundi has a notable supply of minerals, but the mining sector contributes very little to the economy due to illicit activities. The informal economy hinders the state’s limited regulatory capacity, making it difficult for businesses to operate.
Government efforts to address issues
The government has taken some steps to address these issues, including:
- Developing a financial intelligence unit
- Increasing investment in certain sectors
However, more needs to be done to combat money laundering and improve border control.
Restrictions on civil society organizations
Civil society organizations have been severely restricted by government repression, with many NGOs banned and independent media outlets targeted. As a result, the work of tackling organized crime is largely left to a small group of civil society organizations with limited capacity and political leverage.
Human trafficking and modern slavery
The Burundian government’s response to human trafficking has been inadequate, with no meaningful mechanisms in place to control state officials involved in criminal activity. The country lacks prisoner reintegration programs and support for victims of human trafficking and modern slavery.
A positive sign: Improved press freedom and civil society involvement
Despite these challenges, the new president has sent positive signals about press freedom and acceptance of civil society involvement, including the release of journalists and a more tolerant attitude towards international media groups.
The way forward
The fight against organized crime in Burundi will require a sustained effort from the government, civil society, and international partners. Until then, the country’s criminal networks are likely to remain entrenched, perpetuating human suffering and undermining the rule of law.