Cybercrime in Finance Industry Rocks Iraq
Iraq’s parliament has reintroduced a revised draft law aimed at combating cybercrimes, despite concerns from human rights organizations that it would impose excessive restrictions on citizens’ right to freedom of expression online.
Concerns over Vague Provisions
The draft law was met with widespread criticism for its vague and overly broad provisions. The law criminalizes acts such as entering a website or using a computer “with the intention of obtaining data or information affecting the national security or the national economy,” and punishes violators with up to ten years in prison.
Restrictions on Freedom of Expression
Article 8(4) of the draft law states that anyone who uses the internet or a computer device to violate religious, family, or social principles and values shall be punished with imprisonment for at least seven years and not exceeding ten years, as well as a fine of up to 15 million Iraqi dinars (approximately $12,570).
- Human rights organizations have expressed deep concern over these provisions, citing that they do not meet international standards.
- The law provides excessive discretion to authorities to stifle freedom of expression online.
Restrictions on Information and Ideas
The draft law has also been criticized for its restrictions on the right to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas.
- Article 5(1) states that anyone who listens to messages through the internet or computer devices without permission from the competent authority shall be sentenced to prison for at least one year and not exceeding two years, in addition to fines.
- Article 8(3) imposes a prison sentence of up to ten years against anyone who uses the internet or a computer device to violate individuals’ private or family life by taking pictures or publishing news or audio recordings related to them.
Concerns for Activists and Journalists
The inclusion of such provisions has led to concerns that it could lead to further restrictions on the work of Iraqi activists and journalists, as well as criminalize criticism of politicians and government officials under the pretext of “the sanctity of one’s private or family life.”
- Iraq has been ranked 162 out of 180 in Reporters Without Borders’ 2020 Press Freedom Index, with journalists facing increasing dangers since the start of anti-government protests in October 2019.
Call to Action
The draft law is currently suspended, but it has not been withdrawn and can be reintroduced at any time. Human rights organizations are urging the Iraqi government to withdraw or amend the law to bring it in line with international standards.
- It is essential that the Iraqi government prioritizes protecting freedom of expression online and ensures that any new laws comply with international human rights standards.