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Eritrea’s Organized Crime Situation: Key Points

The report on Eritrea’s organized crime situation highlights several key points that paint a disturbing picture of the country’s governance, economy, and treatment of its citizens.

Criminal Actors

• The state and military actors, along with individuals closely associated with them, dominate organized criminal activity in Eritrea.
• Members of the government have been involved in transnational organized crime, and diplomats are often bribed to provide legal services or issue documents for travel.

Leadership and Governance

Eritrea is an authoritarian state controlled by President Isaias Afwerki. The government does not publish reliable data regarding the economy and crime dynamics, and has been criticized for its lack of transparency.

Criminal Justice and Security

• There are no independent judiciary, national assembly, or other democratic institutions in Eritrea.
• Prison conditions remain harsh, even life-threatening, with severe overcrowding being a huge issue.
• There is neither an independent police oversight body nor a specialized law-enforcement unit in the country.

Economic and Financial Environment

Eritrea is reportedly at a high risk of money laundering primarily because of its cash-based, largely informal economy. The state currency − the nakfa, is not fully convertible, which opens up certain vulnerabilities to the use of illicit financial services.

Civil Society and Social Protection

• There is no evidence of government efforts to identify, protect or support victims of trafficking.
• There are no proactive victim identification mechanisms in place to recognize victims from at-risk groups, especially Eritrean citizens that have been deported from abroad or those who are fleeing the country.