Wasta Culture Hampers Fight Against Corruption in Jordan
A Culture of Favouritism
In a country where building relationships is paramount, Jordan’s private sector is particularly vulnerable to corruption due to the widespread practice of “wasta”, or favouritism. This cultural concept prioritizes personal connections over merit and transparency, allowing investors with good wasta to expedite procedures, gain exclusive access to services and information, and even influence legislation to their advantage.
Roots in Tradition
The practice of wasta has its roots in Jordan’s Bedouin traditions, where tribal loyalties have long played a significant role in shaping the country’s social fabric. While these groups can be classified as mafia-style organizations, their activities are largely contained within the confines of traditional tribal structures and do not pose a significant threat to Jordanian society at large.
Consequences for the Private Sector
However, the influence of wasta on the private sector has far-reaching consequences. It creates an environment in which corruption can flourish, with high-ranking officials and companies often using their connections to avoid accountability and secure lucrative deals.
Challenges in Combating Corruption
Despite the existence of laws criminalizing corruption, Jordan remains plagued by the issue. The government has taken some measures to address it, including:
- Publishing its budget online for transparency purposes
- Developing control and electronic payment systems
However, access to information is limited, and citizens often rely on personal connections to access public services, making them vulnerable to organized crime.
Shortcomings in Civil Society
Jordan’s social protection schemes are also plagued by shortcomings. The victim and witness protection schemes are not effectively enforced, and there is a lack of resources to identify and care for victims of organized crime.
Efforts to Prevent Organized Crime
Despite these challenges, Jordan has made efforts to prevent organized crime, including:
- Distributing anti-trafficking brochures to foreign migrant workers
- Issuing work permits to Syrian refugees to regularize their employment
The country also has a wide range of society organizations, including cultural bodies, charities, and research centers that cooperate with international actors.
Media Freedom Limited
However, media freedom remains limited in the country, with reports indicating that the government imposes restrictions on individuals and organizations criticizing it. Political pressure is applied through threats of large fines and prison sentences, resulting in self-censorship in the coverage of sensitive issues.
A Shift Towards Transparency and Merit
Ultimately, Jordan’s fight against corruption will require a fundamental shift away from the wasta culture and towards a more transparent and merit-based system. This will involve not only legislative reforms but also a significant cultural shift, one that prioritizes accountability over personal connections.