The Role of Human Control in Armed Conflict: A Critical Perspective on Artificial Intelligence

Introduction

As artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning continue to play a growing role in modern warfare, it is essential to consider the implications for human control and judgment. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) emphasizes that humans must maintain control over tasks and make judgments in situations where they may have serious consequences for people’s lives.

Key Considerations

• Human Control and Judgment: Humans must remain in charge of critical decisions, especially when AI and machine learning systems are involved.
• Use of AI as Tools, Not Replacements: AI and machine learning systems should be used to augment human decision-makers, not replace them. This is particularly important when decisions involve the use of force or can lead to injury or loss of life.
• Speed of Decision-Making: There’s a tension between the speed at which humans carry out tasks and the speed at which machines can operate. To preserve human judgment, systems may need to be designed to inform decision-making at “human speed.”

The Importance of Human Control

The rules of international humanitarian law are addressed to humans, who must comply with them and take responsibility for their implementation. Combatants have a unique obligation to make the judgments required by international humanitarian law, and this responsibility cannot be transferred to machines or algorithms.

Conclusion

Human control and judgment are essential in armed conflict situations, particularly when AI and machine learning systems are involved. By understanding the limitations of AI and prioritizing human decision-making, we can ensure that these technologies are used responsibly and align with international humanitarian law.