Jordan Passes Controversial Cybercrime Law Amid Global Concerns
The Jordanian government has approved a new cybercrime law despite widespread criticism over its content and the rapid pace at which it was passed. The law aims to address security vulnerabilities and punish cybercriminal activity in the country, but human rights groups have raised concerns over provisions that threaten freedom of speech and privacy.
Key Provisions of the Law
The law, which consists of 41 articles, defines various types of cybercrime and outlines specific penalties for each offense. For example:
- Individuals who access a computer or information network without authorization could face between six months to three years in prison and a fine of between 2,500 and 25,000 dinars.
- Those found guilty of damaging, destroying, or modifying data or information could also be ordered to perform “temporary work” as punishment.
Controversial Article 12
Article 12 has sparked particular controversy among human rights groups, which argue that it contains vague language that could be used to restrict online anonymity and privacy. The article states that anyone who “circumvents the protocol address” could face a fine of 2,500 to 25,000 dinars and imprisonment for at least six months.
Concerns Over Online Anonymity and Privacy
Human Rights Watch has expressed concern that this provision could be used to target individuals who use virtual private networks (VPNs), anonymous proxies, or other tools to protect their online identity. The organization argues that this would force individuals to choose between maintaining their anonymity online and exercising their right to free expression.
Accountability Concerns
The law has also raised concerns over accountability, with Article 25 stating that the person responsible for managing a website or social media platform could be held liable for any illegal content published on the site.
Global Reactions
Human rights groups have criticized the law for its potential impact on freedom of expression, privacy, and online anonymity. A joint statement by Human Rights Watch, Access Now, Article 19, and other organizations argued that the law would introduce new controls over social media, weaken online anonymity, hamper free expression, and increase online censorship.
The European Union has also expressed concerns over certain provisions in the law, stating that they depart from international human rights standards and could limit freedom of expression both online and offline. The United Nations’ High Commissioner for Human Rights has called on countries to balance security measures with protections for online freedoms.
Defending the Law
Despite these concerns, Jordan’s Prime Minister Bisher al Khasawneh has defended the law, citing a sixfold increase in online crimes in the country over the past year. The law was passed by parliament in just three weeks and signed into effect by the King on August 12, sparking concerns over transparency and participation.
Looking Ahead
The rapid passage of the law has raised questions about its potential impact on Jordan’s infrastructure and organizations, as well as its effects on online freedoms and privacy. As the country continues to grapple with cybercrime, many are left wondering whether the new law will provide adequate protections for citizens while also respecting their fundamental rights.