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Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (CFT) Measures in Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein has a well-developed AML/CFT framework, but there are areas that require improvement. This article summarizes the main points from a recent report on the country’s efforts to combat money laundering and terrorist financing.
Money Laundering
Lack of Investigations and Prosecutions
- Liechtenstein’s AML/CFT framework is well-developed, but there is a lack of investigations and prosecutions targeting sophisticated money laundering (ML) schemes.
- The consistency between ML activity and national threats/risk profile is generally attained, except for tax crimes committed abroad.
Sanctions Imposed by Courts
- Sanctions imposed by Liechtenstein courts are not proportionate and dissuasive.
Confiscation of Proceeds
Pursuit of Confiscation as a Policy Objective
- Confiscation is pursued as a policy objective, with a comprehensive legal framework and strengthened capacities of law enforcement agencies (LEAs) and prosecutors.
- Competent authorities carry out financial investigations parallel to crime investigations, establishing strong inter-institutional cooperation.
Conviction- and Non-Conviction-Based Confiscation
- Conviction- and non-conviction-based confiscation are frequently applied in practice.
Terrorist Financing
Lack of Prosecutions and Convictions
- There have been no terrorist financing (TF) prosecutions/convictions in Liechtenstein so far.
- The national TF risk assessment concluded that the risk of TF in Liechtenstein is medium.
Investigation and Proceedings
- One TF investigation was carried out, but it didn’t result in further proceedings due to lack of evidence.
- No conclusion can be made on proportionality and dissuasiveness of sanctions applied.
Other Key Points
Framework Treaty with Switzerland
- Liechtenstein has a framework treaty with Switzerland for cross-border controls, which has revealed certain weaknesses in the system.
TF Strategy
- The country has developed a TF Strategy aimed at preventing/suppressing TF.
Measures to Disrupt TF
- Measures to disrupt TF are available to competent authorities, but none have been applied yet.