Organized Crime in Mongolia: Challenges and Concerns

Mongolia has been grappling with a range of challenges related to organized crime, corruption, and governance issues. This article provides an overview of the country’s struggles in these areas, highlighting key concerns and potential solutions.

Criminal Markets

Drug Trafficking

Mongolia’s proximity to Russia and China has made it a significant hub for drug trafficking. The country has experienced challenges in combating this issue, with many organized crime groups involved in the trade.

Cyber Crimes

Over the past decade, cyber-attacks have surged in Mongolia, including major security breaches at one of the country’s largest certificate authorities.

Criminal Actors

Corruption

Corruption is a significant challenge in Mongolia, with state actors often supporting illegal activities carried out in the country. Judges and police have been bribed or faced political pressure from powerful actors linked to criminal networks.

Judges and Police

Many judges and police officers have been compromised by corruption, making it difficult for them to effectively combat organized crime.

Leadership and Governance

Corruption

Decades-long corruption in Mongolia has enabled criminal activity and undermined government leadership. This has led to a lack of trust in institutions and a sense of impunity among those involved in organized crime.

Political Crises

Mongolia has faced several political crises, including concerns over the consolidation of presidential power and the erosion of democracy.

Criminal Justice and Security

Judiciary

The judiciary is professionalized but faces challenges such as corruption and political influence. Mongolia has a specialized unit dedicated to combating organized crime, as well as others like eco-police and anti-human trafficking operations.

Law Enforcement

Mongolia’s law enforcement agencies face significant challenges in combating organized crime due to corruption and lack of resources.

Economic and Financial Environment

Money Laundering

Money laundering is a significant challenge for Mongolia, particularly in the gold sector. Corruption in the judiciary and land administration has made it difficult to prevent money laundering activities.

Economic Regulatory Environment

Corruption in the judiciary and land administration, as well as political interference in property rights within cities, present challenges for businesses operating in Mongolia.

Civil Society and Social Protection

Victim Support

Victim support facilities in Mongolia are inadequate, and psychosocial care is limited. This has made it difficult for victims of organized crime to access the help they need.

NGOs

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a vital role in anti-corruption work, preventing and caring for victims of human trafficking, and providing victim support among others.