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Mozambique’s Northern Region Plagued by Violence and Human Rights Abuses

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Crisis in Cabo Delgado Province

The situation in northern Mozambique has drastically deteriorated since the conflict began, with over 800,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) seeking refuge in relatively peaceful districts. Despite denials from the government, reports of war crimes allegations by Amnesty International are consistent with research and interviews conducted by this author.

Background on the Conflict

The Islamic State-inspired group, Ahlu Sunnah Wa-Jama (ASWJ), has been waging a brutal insurgency against the Mozambican government and civilians since 2017. The group, also known as VEO (Violent Extremist Organization), has been able to recruit young men from poor socio-economic backgrounds, promising riches and steady wages.

Human Rights Abuses

Reports of Sexual Abuse, Forced Marriages, and Trafficking

The conflict has led to significant human rights abuses, including reports of sexual abuse, forced marriages, and trafficking of women and children. IDPs are often subjected to stringent vetting measures, leading to violence and clashes with local communities.

Government Response Criticized

The Mozambican government’s response to the crisis has been criticized for being inadequate and ineffective. The military operations launched in July 2021 have recaptured key conurbations, but VEO remains influential in rural areas.

Humanitarian Crisis

The conflict has also led to a precarious humanitarian situation, with IDPs facing dire conditions, including:

  • Poor healthcare infrastructure
  • Sanitation issues
  • Food insecurity

Children are at risk of being left without education due to the lack of resources.

Solution: A Comprehensive Approach

In order to address this crisis, a comprehensive multi-dimensional strategy is needed, combining:

  • Military operations with humanitarian and development efforts
  • Negotiations with VEO and other stakeholders to prevent further escalation of the conflict

Map: Districts of Interest and VE Influence in Cabo Delgado

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Note: The map shows the districts where project implementation will take place, as well as areas of violent extremist influence in Cabo Delgado province.