Challenges Facing Panama: Protests, Freedom of Expression, and Rule of Law
Panama is currently experiencing a tumultuous situation marked by widespread protests, union mobilizations, and concerns about freedom of expression, rule of law, and the separation of powers. This article will delve into the current state of affairs in Panama and explore the challenges facing the country.
Protests and Union Mobilizations
Since June 2022, protests have been taking place across Panama, led by unions and organizations such as ANADEPO and Alianza Pueblo Unido por la Vida. The protesters are demanding lower fuel prices, reduced food basket prices, and control of medicine prices. However, the government’s response has been met with criticism from union leaders, who accuse the authorities of repression.
Freedom of Expression: A Limited Right
Freedom of expression in Panama is limited due to legal responsibilities for statements that threaten individuals or public order. Journalists have faced lawsuits for defamation, resulting in fines. The Press Freedom Report by the Inter-American Press Association highlights judicial harassment as a major threat to journalists and media outlets.
The Panamanian Constitution: A Framework for Limitations
The Panamanian constitution recognizes freedom of expression but subjects certain statements to “legal responsibilities.” In practice, this means that journalists who criticize government policies or cover corruption-related issues may face trouble with the judiciary.
Key Issues with Freedom of Expression in Panama
- Judicial harassment: Journalists and media outlets are subject to lawsuits for defamation, resulting in fines.
- Legal responsibilities: The constitution subjects certain statements to “legal responsibilities,” limiting freedom of expression.
- Restrictions on speech: The government has used laws to restrict speech that threatens individuals or public order.
Rule of Law: A Presidential Democracy with Flaws
Panama is a presidential democracy with a republican format. However, the executive branch has considerable powers over the legislative and judicial branches. The separation of powers is described in the constitution but not always respected in practice. The World Justice Project’s Rule of Law Index 2022 rates Panama as 0.53 out of 1, ranking 70th globally and 16th among Latin American and Caribbean countries.
Key Issues with Rule of Law in Panama
- Executive branch powers: The executive branch has considerable powers over the legislative and judicial branches.
- Separation of powers: The separation of powers is described in the constitution but not always respected in practice.
- Corruption: The judicial system suffers from corruption, a lack of merit-based professionalism, and allegations of judges selling court rulings to politicians and businessmen.
Conclusion: Urgent Change Required
In conclusion, Panama is facing significant challenges related to freedom of expression, rule of law, and the separation of powers. The government’s response to protests has been criticized, and the judicial system is plagued by corruption and a lack of professionalism. Addressing these issues requires urgent change and reform to strengthen the country’s institutions and protect its citizens’ rights.