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Smuggling and Trafficking Thrives in Comoros Islands

A recent investigation has uncovered that smuggling and trafficking of people, drugs, and other goods is rampant in the Comoros Islands. State actors play a significant role in facilitating these illegal activities, with international syndicates primarily responsible for transporting people and goods to and from the islands.

Key Findings

• Tanzanian nationals are heavily involved in drug trafficking
• Vanilla smuggling is suspected to be facilitated by Madagascan nationals
• There appears to be no organized crime groups or mafia-like entities operating within the Comoros Islands, but this lack of internal organization does not hinder the flow of illegal goods and people

Governance and Leadership Issues

The government’s efforts to combat organized crime have been minimal, with a lack of political coordination between the three main islands hindering effective governance. The country remains fragile, with ongoing political tensions between the government and opposition parties.

Challenges

• Controversial referendum in 2018 extended the presidential term and concentrated power
• Raised concerns about vote rigging and undermined trust in the government
• Comoros has one of the highest corruption perceptions globally and is often described as an emerging dictatorship

Criminal Justice and Security Issues

The Comorian legal system is hybrid, using indigenous customary law, Islamic law, and French civil law. However, it is underdeveloped, and the legislative framework in place to combat organized crime falls below international standards.

Challenges

• Courts are underresourced and overburdened
• Political interference from the executive is a significant issue
• Corruption is endemic throughout the judiciary and among legal professionals
• Law enforcement is plagued by corruption, with police officers often colluding with criminal networks

Economic and Financial Environment

The Comorian financial system is underdeveloped, lacking the capacity to estimate proceeds of illicit activity. While this makes some forms of sophisticated financial e-commerce crime impossible, it also hinders efforts to combat money laundering.

Challenges

• Policies are poorly implemented
• Systems for identifying instances of money laundering are weak
• Country’s economic environment is not conducive to business growth

Civil Society and Social Protection

Victims of organized crime, including human trafficking victims, receive insufficient support from the government. There are also no services available for drug users, who must rely on private funding and inadequate resources.

Challenges

• Efforts to prevent organized crime are minimal
• Limited training provided and no apparent targeting of high-level operators
• Media landscape has worsened significantly since 2018 referendum
• Journalists face freedom violations, including arrests, attacks, and intimidation
• Government’s response to these challenges is lacking

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