The State of Organized Crime in Syria

Key Findings

Organized crime is a significant problem in Syria, with several key factors contributing to its widespread presence.

Illicit Finance and Foreign Exchange

• A large and widespread illicit finance and foreign exchange sector operates outside the government’s control.
• This has created an environment where criminal actors can thrive, engaging in activities such as drug production and trafficking.

Criminal Actors and Corruption

• Various entities, including state-embedded actors, criminal networks, and foreign actors, are involved in criminal activities.
• Corruption, bribery, and nepotism continue to be prevalent in the country, with state-embedded actors often being closely associated with many criminal groups.

Weak Governance and Economic Environment

• The Syrian government’s selective implementation of measures against money laundering undermines efforts to combat organized crime.
• The country’s economy has been deeply damaged by the ongoing conflict, preventing foreign investments and resulting in an unprecedented economic crisis.

Limited Support for Victims

• Efforts to provide support to victims and witnesses of organized crime are very limited.
• Only two state rehabilitation centres for drug users exist, and no protection services are provided to children who were recruited by armed groups.

Crime Prevention Efforts

• Crime prevention efforts focus on community awareness-raising programmes and community-based initiatives led by NGOs, which have been largely ineffective.

Conclusion

The report highlights the significant problem of organized crime in Syria, with widespread illicit finance and foreign exchange sectors, corruption and nepotism, weak governance, economic instability, and limited support for victims contributing to its prevalence. Addressing these issues will require a comprehensive approach that involves the government, civil society, and international partners.