Northern Mali and Niger: A Region in Turmoil

The International Crisis Group has released a report highlighting the significant control exercised by Malian non-state armed groups over smuggling routes between Mali and Niger, as well as their connections with influential political figures in Niger.

Corruption and Weak Governance

Despite efforts to combat organized crime, the government of Niger has been criticized for its limited effectiveness. Corruption is rampant across state institutions and law enforcement agencies, with many officials suspected of involvement in illicit activities.

• The anti-corruption agency has faced criticism for its lack of independence and financial dependence on the executive branch.
• The judiciary is also plagued by corruption, with many cases not being pursued due to political interference.

Security Challenges

Niger faces significant security challenges, including the threat posed by foreign violent extremist groups and rebel groups. The country’s extensive and porous land borders make it vulnerable to infiltration by these groups.

• The security situation has deteriorated in recent years, particularly in the south-western regions of Tillabéri and Tahoua, as well as the south-eastern Diffa region.
• The presence of violent extremist groups and criminal organizations has negatively affected foreign investment in Niger.

Economic Challenges

Niger is considered a medium- to high-risk country for financial crimes due to its weak financial oversight infrastructure. The informal economy represents a significant portion of the country’s economic activity, making it difficult to combat money laundering.

• Factors such as food insecurity, limited industrialization, and high population growth have made Niger an economically poor nation.
• The region is plagued by criminal activities, particularly in northern Niger and the Chad-Libya-Niger triangle. Chadian armed groups are increasingly involved in criminal activities.

Civil Society

Human trafficking victim support in Niger receives significant international support, but there is a lack of action to address the demand for commercial sex.

• The role of civil society in combating organized crime is limited, with only a few UN-sponsored initiatives in place.
• Journalists face prosecution and repression, while investigative journalism is discouraged. Limited independent information is available through state-own and privately owned media outlets.

Conclusion

The region of northern Mali and Niger is plagued by significant security challenges, corruption, and economic instability. The government’s attempts to combat organized crime have been limited by its own corruption and political interference.

• International efforts are necessary to address the root causes of these issues and support the development of a more stable and secure region.
• Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach that involves addressing the underlying drivers of conflict, improving governance and accountability, and supporting economic development.