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United Nations Security Council Resolutions on Iraq

The United Nations Security Council has adopted numerous resolutions related to Iraq over the years. These resolutions have addressed various issues, including the invasion of Kuwait, humanitarian assistance, disarmament, and post-conflict reconstruction.

Early Resolutions

Restoring Sovereignty to Kuwait

  • 661 (1990): The Security Council determined to bring an end to the invasion and occupation of Kuwait by Iraq and restore its sovereignty.
  • 670 (1990): The Council condemned further the treatment of Kuwaiti nationals by Iraqi forces, including measures to force them to leave their own country and mistreatment of persons and property in Kuwait.
  • 687 (1991): The Security Council welcomed the restoration of Kuwait’s sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity and the return of its legitimate government.

Post-Gulf War Resolutions

Humanitarian Assistance

  • 706 (1991): Concerned by the serious nutritional and health situation of the Iraqi civilian population and the risk of a further deterioration of this situation.
  • 778 (1992): The Security Council condemned Iraq’s continued failure to comply with its obligations under relevant resolutions.

Oil-for-Food Program Resolutions

Providing Humanitarian Assistance

  • 986 (1995): Concerned by the serious nutritional and health situation of the Iraqi population and established the Oil-for-Food program to provide humanitarian assistance.
  • 1051 (1996): Recognized the export/import monitoring mechanism as an integral part of ongoing monitoring and verification by the Special Commission and the IAEA.
  • 1111 (1997): Decided that the provisions of resolution 986, except those contained in paragraphs 4, 11, and 12, shall remain in force for another period of 180 days beginning at 00.01 hours, Eastern Daylight Time, on 8 June 1997.
  • 1129 (1997): Reaffirmed that the implementation period of resolution 1111 began at 00.01, Eastern Daylight Time, on 8 June 1997, and that the export of petroleum and petroleum products by Iraq pursuant to resolution 1111 did not require the approval by the Secretary-General of the distribution plan mentioned in paragraph 8 (a) (ii) of resolution 986.
  • 1143 (1997): Convinced of the need as a temporary measure to continue to provide for the humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people until the fulfilment by Iraq of the relevant resolutions.
  • 1153 (1998): Convinced of the need as a temporary measure to continue to provide for the humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people until the fulfilment by Iraq of the relevant resolutions, including notably resolution 687 (1991) of 3 April 1991.
  • 1158 (1998): Concerned about the resulting humanitarian consequences for the Iraqi people of the shortfall in the revenue from the sale of petroleum and petroleum products during the first 90-day period of implementation of resolution 1143 (1997).
  • 1175 (1998): Welcoming the letter of the Secretary-General of 15 April 1998 annexing the summary of the report of the group of experts established pursuant to paragraph 12 of resolution 1153 (1998) and noting the assessment that under existing circumstances Iraq is unable to export petroleum or petroleum products sufficient to produce the total sum of 5.256 billion United States dollars referred to in resolution 1153 (1998).
  • 1284 (1999): Stressing the importance of a comprehensive approach to the full implementation of all relevant Security Council resolutions regarding Iraq and the need for Iraqi compliance with these resolutions.
  • 1293 (2000): Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General of 10 March 2000, in particular his recommendation on additions to the current allocation for oil spare parts and equipment pursuant to paragraph 28 of resolution 1284 (1999).
  • 1483 (2003): Reaffirming the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iraq; reaffirming also the importance of the disarmament of Iraqi weapons of mass destruction and of eventual confirmation of the disarmament of Iraq.
  • 1546 (2004): Reaffirming the independence, sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity of Iraq; reaffirming also the right of the Iraqi people freely to determine their own political future and control their own natural resources.

Conclusion

These resolutions cover a wide range of topics related to Iraq, including its invasion of Kuwait, humanitarian assistance, disarmament, and post-conflict reconstruction. The Security Council has consistently emphasized the importance of Iraqi compliance with these resolutions and the need for a comprehensive approach to addressing the complex issues facing Iraq.